Questionable XT90 Anti-Spark connectors

Written 2023-09-07

Tags:soldering Connectors RC 

When dealing with larger RC batteries, it's sometimes possible for the act of connecting a battery to an ESC or other component to exceed the max current for components like capacitors. To this end, anti-spark or soft-start circuits are used. These need to have two characteristics: limit inrush current, and not consume or waste a large amount of power themselves.

What I've used before is a small circuit board with a MOSFET and an RC circuit that slowly turns on the MOSFET, and soon the MOSFET is fully on. Sometimes with capacitor and inductor filtering as well.

Recently, I found an 'anti-spark' connector called XT90S. Supposedly it has great efficiency while still limiting current with a 5.6 ohm resistor.

Internally, this is much like a regular DC connector, except that there is an insulating ring and connecting ring with a 5.6ohm resistor. As the connector is plugged it first makes contact through the 5.6ohm resistor for current-limited charging, and lastly makes contact directly, enabling efficient operation.

IMG20230907145919

But there is a significant problem with this design: it's accidentally a break-before-make connection. Due to the shape of the bullet contacts below, the bullet contacts actually disconnect between the 5.6ohm ring contact and final seated contact, leading to an intermittent no-current state, followed by a current spike that is likely to cause, you guessed it, a spark.

IMG20230907150009

To test for this, I set up the following circuit using a 1-ohm resistor for current sensing, a power supply, and an oscilloscope:

IMG20230907142003

IMG20230907142107

I tried several times, but the fastest I could plug the connector in still resulted in a 25millisecond power-cut as the bullet connector glided over the insulator, followed by a large current spike:

annotated

I think this general idea is great - it's super simple and bypasses itself so it's even more efficient that a MOSFET. If one of the bullet connector fins could be made shorter, it would makes contact with the 5.6ohm resistor ring after the other three fins, but before they disconnect, it could keep the 5.6ohm ring connected until the other fins fully engage at the end.